Phytochemical Constituents, GC-MS Analysis, and Antifungal Activity of Ethanol Extract of Enantia chlorantha Stem Bark

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Published: Jul 10, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.26538/tjpps/v4i6.3
Keywords:
Enantia chlorantha, Phytoconstituents, Antifungal Activity, GC-MS

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Ezekiel G Adeyeni
Department of Chemistry, Hallmark University, Ijebu-Itele, Nigeria
Ezekiel T Ayodele
Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, P.M.B. 4000, Nigeria
Olusola N Majolagbe
Department of Pure and Applied Biology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, P.M.B. 4000, Nigeria
Ibidotun T Olawoore
Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
Ruth A Adeyeni
Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, P.M.B. 4000, Nigeria

Abstract

The use of plant-derived compounds in traditional medicine has a long history. One such plant, the Enantia chlorantha tree, which can grow up to thirty meters tall, is known for its wide range of medicinal uses. This study investigated the potential antifungal effects of an ethanol extract from the stem bark of Enantia chlorantha, along with the phytochemicals contained in the extract. The extraction was performed using ethanol through maceration of the powdered bark. After conducting qualitative phytochemical analysis, the extract was further examined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to identify the compounds present. To assess the antifungal effectiveness of the extract, the mycelial growth inhibition method was used against three fungal species: Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Aspergillus niger. Phytochemical screening revealed several classes of bioactive compounds, including alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, tannins, anthraquinones, reducing sugars, phenols, steroids, phlobatannins, and terpenoids. GC-MS analysis identified 28 different compounds in the ethanol extract. Among the most abundant were 1-octadecene (8.24%), 7-hexadecene (6.59%), 9-eicosene (7.52%), bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (5.40%), cyclotetradecane (5.51%), caryophyllene oxide (6.10%), and 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid dipropyl ester (8.56%). The extract exhibited strong antifungal activity, inhibiting the growth of Aspergillus flavus (85.96%), Aspergillus fumigatus (75.67%), and Aspergillus niger (85.04%). These findings suggest that Enantia chlorantha could be a promising natural source of antifungal agents, particularly effective against Aspergillus infections.

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How to Cite
Adeyeni, E. G., Ayodele, E. T., Majolagbe, O. N., Olawoore, I. T., & Adeyeni, R. A. (2025). Phytochemical Constituents, GC-MS Analysis, and Antifungal Activity of Ethanol Extract of Enantia chlorantha Stem Bark. Tropical Journal of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4(6), 260–269. https://doi.org/10.26538/tjpps/v4i6.3
Issue
Vol. 4 No. 6 (2025): Tropical Journal of Phytochemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences
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Articles
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

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